Tamizaje auditivo universal neonatal en Hospital Clínico La Florida Dra. Eloísa Díaz Insunza: Experiencia 2015-2021 / Universal newborn hearing screening at Hospital Clínico La Florida Dra. Eloísa Díaz Insunza: Experience 2015-2021

Introducción: La hipoacusia congénita es una patología frecuente entre los recién nacidos con gran impacto en su calidad de vida si no es diagnosticada y tratada precozmente. Para su pesquisa, se recomienda, internacionalmente, el tamizaje auditivo universal neonatal (TAUN), que desde 2014 se aplica en el Hospital Clínico La Florida Dra. Eloísa Díaz Insunza (HLF). Objetivo: Describir la experiencia del programa de TAUN del Servicio de Otorrinolaringología HLF. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se incluyó a todos los recién nacidos vivos (RNV) del establecimiento entre 2015 y 2021, evaluados de acuerdo con el protocolo del programa. Resultados: Fueron evaluados 17.804 RNV. Se obtuvo una cobertura de 97,1% y tasa de referencia de 0,98%. Se confirmaron a 21 pacientes con hipoacusia sensorioneural (HSN), obteniéndose una tasa de HSN de 1,5 cada 1.000 RNV. Conclusión: La tasa de incidencia de HSN congénita fue similar a la estimada a nivel mundial. El programa de TAUN HLF cumple con estándares internacionales en cuanto a cobertura, tiempo de evaluación del tamizaje y tasa de referencia. El trabajo multidisciplinario, mejoría de tecnología y registro adecuado de pacientes, son las principales fortalezas. La dificultad de seguimiento durante horario inhábil y presencia de sólo un profesional con dedicación exclusiva, son aspectos a perfeccionar.

Introduction: Congenital hearing loss is a frequent pathology among newborns with great impact on their quality of life if it is not diagnosed and treated early. The Joint Committee on Infant Hearing recommends universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) and has been applied at the Hospital Clínico La Florida Dra. Eloísa Díaz Insunza (HLF) since 2014. Aim: To describe the experience of UNHS program at the Otolaryngology Service of the HLF. Material and Method: Descriptive, retrospective study, including all newborns of the HLF between 2015 and 2021. They were evaluated according to the protocol proposed in the program. Results: 17804 newborns were evaluated. Coverage of 97,1% and a referral rate of 0,98% were obtained. Twenty-one patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) were confirmed, obtaining a SNHL rate of 1.5 per 1000 live births. Conclusion: The incidence rate of congenital SNHL is similar to that estimated worldwide. The UNHS program in HLF complies with international standards in terms of coverage, timing and referral rates. Multidisciplinary work, improved technology and adequate patient registration are the main strengths of the program. The difficulty of follow-ups during the weekends and the presence of only one full-time professional are aspects that can be improved.

Tratamiento de la hepatitis C en el conurbano de Buenos Aires / Hepatitis C treatment in the surrounding area of Buenos Aires

Resumen La principal infección viral transmisible por sangre es actualmente la debida al virus de hepatitis C (VHC). Uno de los mayores obstáculos para el logro de su control en la Argentina se relaciona con las dificultades de acceso al diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno de las personas infectadas. Este estudio se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar a los pacientes infectados con VHC que iniciaron tratamiento con antivirales de acción directa (AAD) y describir la experiencia vinculada al tratamiento. Se seleccionaron las historias clínicas de 82 pacientes, 44 (53.7%) de sexo masculino, 37 (45.1%) de sexo femenino, y uno (1.2%) transgénero. La media de edad fue de 49 años. Se halló una frecuencia de cirrosis de 39%, 32 pacientes, coinfección con HIV en 48 (58.5%) y con VHB en 27 (32.9%). En 52 (63.4%) no se observó ningún factor de riesgo claramente asociado a infección. Todos completaron la terapia, de ellos 72 (87.8%) efectuaron el control para confirmar respuesta viral sostenida (RVS), que fue de 98.6%. Concluimos que el testeo universal debe implementarse por sobre el testeo con enfoque de riesgo, y que debe promoverse un criterio de atención simplificado y descentralizado, reservando la atención especializada para pacientes con cirrosis descompensada y cáncer de hígado.

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is currently the main blood-borne viral infection. One of the main obstacles to achieving its control in Argentina is related to difficulties in accessing the diagnosis and timely treatment of infected people. We carried out this study with the aim of characterizing the HCV-infected patients who started treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and to describe the experience related to treatment. The medical records of 82 patients, 44 (53.7%) male, 37 (45.1%) female, and one (1.2%) transgender, were selected. The mean age was 49 years. We report a frequency of cirrhosis, 39%, in 32 patients, coinfection with HIV in 48 (58.5%) and with HBV in 27 (32.9%). In 52 patients (63.4%), no risk factor clearly associated with infection was observed. All completed the therapy, of them 72 (87.8%) carried out the control to confirm sustained viral response (SVR), that attained 98.6%. We conclude that universal testing should be implemented over testing based on a risk approach, and that a simplified and decentralized care criterion should be promoted, reserving specialized care for patients with decompensated cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Universal Screening For Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Antenatal Mothers Improves Antenatal Management And Outcomes – Single Centre Experience

@#This study examined the impact of universal screening in diagnosing and managing gestational diabetes (GDM) amongst antenatal mother and associated neonatal outcomes. It is a single-centre, retrospective study on routinely collected data of antenatal women in Health Clinic Seremban over one year in 2018. All women diagnosed with GDM, who were not known sufferers of type 1 or type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Participants were stratified according to risk factors for GDM to compare the performance of a selective high-risk screening approach to that of universal screening for detecting GDM. Subjects were categorized as high-risk for GDM based on the guidelines recommended by the Malaysian Clinical Practice guidelines. It was found that through universal screening, 246 antenatal mothers were tested positive for GDM out of the 987 of these mothers without prior diabetes, giving a prevalence of 24.9%. If selective screening using traditional risk factors had been employed, 54 (22%) of the antenatal mothers diagnosed with GDM would have been missed. It was established that risk factors for GDM included advancing age, other ethnicities (patients that are not of Malay, Chinese nor Indian ethnicities), obesity, history of abortion or GDM and family history of diabetes mellitus. Neonatal outcomes of those with GDM as compared to those without were similar. This study highlights that universal screening improved GDM detection rates amongst antenatal mothers. The increased detection helped facilitate an earlier intervention which may have contributed to better antenatal management and outcomes for neonates and their mothers.

Identification of struggling readers or at risk of reading difficulties with one-minute fluency measures

Abstract Background: To identify readers who are struggling or at risk of reading difficulties, reference standards in oral reading fluency (ORF) are used to conduct an assessment that is based on a widely reported method known as curriculum-based measurement (CBM), which itself is based on 1-min fluency measures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate students' ORF (with a 1-min fluency measure) to characterize their fluency and to determine references of appropriate development in reading at the 50th percentile. Method: For this study, a database of readings made available by the Learning Studies Research Laboratory was used. This database consisted of 365 readings by elementary-school students from the third to fifth grades in two cities in the interior of the state of São Paulo from two different public school systems that use the same teaching methodology. The data consisted of digital audio recordings of the passage "The Umbrella" (text suitable for schooling levels) of the Protocol for Assessment of Reading Comprehension procedure. For this procedure, three steps were performed: step 1—listening to the 365 readings and assessing the scores for the number of words read correctly per minute; step 2—the calculation of the mean and percentiles for each grade; and step 3—the adaptation of the reference table to indicate students eligible to receive reading fluency intervention. Results: Third-year students who correctly read 86 or more words per minute, fourth-year students who correctly read 104 or more words per minute, and fifth-year students who correctly read 117 or more words per minute were considered students who had made adequate progress in reading. Conclusion: It was possible to classify students based on the 1-min fluency measures, with reference intervals of words read correctly per minute per school year (for the third, fourth, and fifth years) for those who were making adequate progress in reading and reference intervals for those who were considered readers who were struggling or at risk of reading difficulties.

Descripción de la aplicación de screening universal para SARS-CoV-2 en mujeres embarazadas que ingresan para interrupción en Hospital de Carabineros - Santiago de Chile / Description of the application of a universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women admitted for interruption of pregnancy at Carabineros Hospital- Santiago de Chile

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: El Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Grave Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) es una enfermedad altamente contagiosa y que puede ser transmitida por pacientes asintomáticos. Por esto surge el interés de poder determinar la prevalencia de la infección por SARS-Cov-2 en pacientes embarazadas que ingresan para interrupción de la gestación. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, retrospectivo en el Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología de Hospital de Carabineros de Chile entre el 15 de mayo y el 30 junio del 2020. Se incluyeron todas las mujeres embarazadas que ingresaron para interrupción de la gestación, a las que se les realizó el examen PCR SARS-CoV-2; y una encuesta de signos y síntomas sugerentes de la enfermedad. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron 73 interrupciones de la gestación, con toma de PCR a 72 mujeres; de estas pacientes 65 (90.3%) fueron negativas, 5 (6.9%) positivas y 2 (2.8%) indeterminadas; los resultados indeterminados fueron considerados como positivos, por lo que la prevalencia de positividad fue de 9,5%. De estas pacientes, sólo 1 de ellas tenía síntomas sugerentes de la enfermedad, todas las demás (6) eran pacientes asintomáticas, y se mantuvieron así durante toda la hospitalización. CONCLUSIÓN: La realización del examen PCR para SARS-CoV-2 a todas las embarazadas que ingresan a un servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia ayuda a identificar a las pacientes asintomáticas contagiadas con el virus. Ya que la consulta por presencia de signos y síntomas no permite identificar los casos positivos, es necesario considerar la realización de este examen en los protocolos de ingreso hospitalario a lo largo de nuestro país.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARSCoV-2) is a highly contagious disease that can be transmitted by asymptomatic patients. Therefore, is of interest to determine the prevalence of SARS-Cov-2 infection in pregnant patients entering for interruption. METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective analysis was performed in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Service of the Hospital de Carabineros de Chile between May 15 and June 30, 2020. Pregnant women who entered for interruption of their pregnancy and who were given the SARS-CoV-2 PCR exam were included. A survey of signs and symptoms suggestive of the disease was applied. RESULTS: There were 73 pregnancy interruptions, 72 of them were tested by SARS-CoV-2 PCR exam. Among these patients, 65 (90.3%) resulted negative, 5 (6.9%), were positive and 2 (2.8%) were indeterminate; indeterminate results were considered positive, so the prevalence of positivity was 9.5%. Of these patients only 1 had symptoms suggestive of the disease, all the others (6) were asymptomatic, and remained so throughout the hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Conducting the PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 for all pregnant women entering a Gynecology and Obstetrics service helps to identify asymptomatic patients infected with the virus. As a survey of signs and symptoms cannot identify positive patiens, it is necessary to consider conducting universal screeing in hospital admission protocols throughout our country.

Selective case finding versus universal screening for detecting hypothyroidism in the first trimester of pregnancy: a comparative evaluation of a group of pregnant women from Rio de Janeiro

ABSTRACT Objective Maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy may lead to adverse outcomes. Recently published guidelines by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) do not advocate for universal screening but recommend a case-finding approach in high-risk pregnant women. The present study aims to evaluate the accuracy of this approach in identifying women with thyroid dysfunction during early pregnancy. Subjects and methods This is a multiple-center, cross-sectional study. Three hundred and one pregnant women were enrolled. Anamnesis and a physical examination were performed to detect which women fulfilled the criteria to undergo laboratory screening of thyroid dysfunction, according to the ATA's 2017 guidelines. The Zulewski's validated clinical score was applied to assess signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism. Serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), anti-thyroperoxidase (TPO-Ab), and anti-thyroglobulin (Tg-Ab) antibodies were determined. Results Two hundred and thirty one women (78%) were classified as high risk, and 65 (22%) were classified as low risk for thyroid dysfunction. Regarding the clinical score, 75 patients (31.2%) presented mild symptoms that were compatible with SCH, of which 22 (7.4%) had symptoms as the only risk factor for thyroid disease. 17 patients (5.7%) had SCH, of which 10 (58.8%) belonged to the high-risk group, and 7 (41.2%) belonged to the low-risk group. OH was found in 4 patients (1.4%): 3 (75%) in the high-risk group and 1 (25%) in the low-risk group. Conclusions The ATA's proposed screening criteria were not accurate in the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. Testing only the high-risk pregnant women would miss approximately 40% of all hypothyroid patients.

Fetal Doppler for prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in preeclampsia in a low resource setting

Background: Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from loss of ovarian activity. Menopause normally occurs between the age of 45 to 50 years. The age of menopause varies with geographical, racial and nutritional factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate and to know the incidence of various cause of PMB.Methods: This was a prospective study of the patient with PMB attending the OPD or admitted for evaluation under Obstetrics and Gynecology department. Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, BBSR, Odisha from November 2016 to October 2018 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria with history clinical examination and investigation and informed consent from the patient. Data analyses will be done by appropriate statistical methods.Results: Maximum number of cases with PMB were found in age group 55-64 (52%). 57% of cases were malignant and rest 43% were benign origin. carcinoma cervix is most common  malignant lesion in 80% cases and atrophic endometrium is most common benign lesion (42%).Conclusions: In the present study the incidence malignancy causing PMB was 57% and benign cases was 43% Universal Screening of all PMB cases for genital tract malignancy is mandatory.

Assessment of malnutrition risk among patients with Rheumatic Diseases in the Rheumatology Clinic of a Tertiary Training Government Hospital in the Philippines using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool

Introduction@#Malnutrition is a frequently neglected problem among patients with chronic illnesses. It correlates with decreased functionality and quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of malnutrition in chronic rheumatologic conditions ranges from 15-24%. There is an unfounded suspicion that malnutrition is common among Filipino patients with rheumatic diseases. The study will bridge this knowledge gap and pave the way for a more holistic approach in the care of rheumatic diseases. The researchers aim too assess the risk of malnutrition among patients of the rheumatology clinic of the Philippine General Hospital.@*Methods@#This is a cross-sectional study. After getting informed consent, we collected data on demographics and disease characteristics and administered the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). We classified patients according to malnutrition risk and managed accordingly.@*Results@#One hundred eighty-two patients are included (86% are female), with mean age of 45 years old (SD=16.65). The majority (54%) has less than collegiate level of education and 76% are below minimum wage earners. Twelve percent are smokers and 16% are alcohol beverage drinkers. Thirty-nine percent have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 17% have rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 16% have osteoarthritis (OA). The average duration of illness is 75 months. Ten percent are at high risk and 18% are at moderate risk of malnutrition. Six percent of SLE patients have high risk and 24% at moderate risk while 19% and 16% of patients with RA, respectively, have high and moderate risk of malnutrition. Among patients with OA, 6.9 % have high and 3.4% have moderate risk of malnutrition.@*Conclusion@#Using the MUST routinely identifies patients at risk of malnutrition. Twenty-eight percent of patients at the rheumatology clinics of the Philippine General Hospital have moderate to high risk of malnutrition. Identifying those at risk of malnutrition allows for timely intervention and optimal care.

Performance of the Achutha Menon Centre Diabetes Risk Score in Identifying Prevalent Diabetes in Tamil Nadu, India

BACKGROUND: The Achutha Menon Centre Diabetes Risk Score (AMCDRS), which was developed in rural Kerala State, South India, had not previously been externally validated. We examined the performance of the AMCDRS in urban and rural areas in the district of Vellore in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, and compared it with other diabetes risk scores developed from India. METHODS: We used the data from 4,896 participants (30 to 64 years) of a cross-sectional study conducted in Vellore (2010 to 2012), to calculate the AMCDRS scores using age, family history, and waist circumference. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AROC) were calculated for undiagnosed and total diabetes. RESULTS: Of the 4,896 individuals surveyed, 274 (5.6%) had undiagnosed diabetes and 759 (15.5%) had total diabetes. The AMCDRS, with an optimum cut-point of ≥4, identified 45.0% for further testing with 59.5% sensitivity, 60.5% specificity, 9.1% PPV, 95.8% NPV, and an AROC of 0.639 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.608 to 0.670) for undiagnosed diabetes. The corresponding figures for total diabetes were 75.1%, 60.5%, 25.9%, 93.0%, and 0.731 (95% CI, 0.713 to 0.750), respectively. The AROC for the AMCDRS was not significantly different from that of the Indian Diabetes Risk Score, the Ramachandran or the Chaturvedi risk scores for total diabetes, but was significantly lower than the AROC of the Chaturvedi score for undiagnosed diabetes. CONCLUSION: The AMCDRS is a simple diabetes risk score that can be used to screen for undiagnosed and total diabetes in low-resource primary care settings in India. However, it probably requires recalibration to improve its performance for undiagnosed diabetes.

Look what else we found - clinically significant abnormalities detected during routine ROP screening.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the spectrum of anterior and posterior segment diagnoses in Asian Indian premature infants detected serendipitously during routine retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening during a 1 year period. Methods: A retrospective review of all Retcam (Clarity MSI, USA) imaging sessions during the year 2011 performed on infants born either <2001 g at birth and/ or <34.1 weeks of gestation recruited for ROP screening was performed. All infants had a minimum of seven images at each session, which included the dilated anterior segment, disc, and macula center and the four quadrants using the 130° lens. Results: Of the 8954 imaging sessions of 1450 new infants recruited in 2011, there were 111 (7.66%) with a diagnosis other than ROP. Anterior segment diagnoses seen in 31 (27.9%) cases included clinically significant cataract, lid abnormalities, anophthalmos, microphthalmos, and corneal diseases. Posterior segment diagnoses in 80 (72.1%) cases included retinal hemorrhages, cherry red spots, and neonatal uveitis of infective etiologies. Of the 111 cases, 15 (13.5%) underwent surgical procedures and 24 (21.6%) underwent medical procedures; importantly, two eyes with retinoblastoma were detected which were managed timely. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of ocular digital imaging in premature infants. Visually significant, potentially life‑threatening, and even treatable conditions were detected serendipitously during routine ROP screening that may be missed or detected late otherwise. This pilot data may be used to advocate for a possible universal infant eye screening program using digital imaging.

An Appraisal of Screening Methods for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

The importance of screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is universally accepted but there is controversy and uncertainty about the most suitable method of screening among various populations. The majority of the patients are asymptomatic. After nearly 60 years of research the screening and diagnosis of GDM, universal screening evades uniform acceptance and remains debatable. Multiple studies, numerous global consensus conferences and several multicenter trials had not identified the unique procedure. Surprisingly still there is uncertainty regarding the most effective method of screening among various populations. The prevalence of GDM varies from less than 1% to more than 10% It is increasing due to dietary habits, overweight, maternal age, ethnicity, family history and past history .Prevalence vary due to the use of a wide range of definitions and diagnostic test criteria, as well as variations across regions and ethnic groups. The merits of available screening methods such as urine testing for glycosuria, 50g glucose challenge test (GCT), random blood sugar testing, fasting blood glucose (FBS) , estimation of glycosylated haemoglobin , fructosamine ,75g oral Glucose Tolerance Test (75g OGTT) and two step approach (Combination of methods) are analysed. In countries where funds are limited, certainly the selective screening is cost effective compared to whole population screening. After many decades of research, only up-to-date considerations are Random blood glucose, O’Sullivan, 75g and Complete OGTT.

Sensitivity, Specificity, Predictive Value and Inter-Rater Reliability of Malnutrition Screening Tools in Hospitalised Adult Patients

Nutrition screening is recommended as a first step of nutrition care to allow early identification and intervention of malnourished patients. The present study determined the validities and reliabilities of two malnutrition screening tools namely, the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) among adult patients at the Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Methods: The sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of MUST and MST were conducted against the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), anthropometric parameters including body mass index (BMI), calf circumference (CC),mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and energy intake. Inter-rater reliability was evaluated using kappa value (κ) to determine the level of agreement between raters. Results: A total of 151 subjects with mean age of 45.2 ± 13.7 years participated in this study. Prevalence of malnutrition according to MUST, MST and SGA was 34.4%, 33.8% and 19.9%, respectively. As compared to SGA, MUST and MST had a sensitivity of 96.6% and 93.3% respectively, whereas the specificity was 80.9% for both tools. The sensitivity and specificity of MUST against the anthropometric parameters (BMI, CC and MUAC) were between 53.8% to 88.8% and 67.4% to 69.9%, respectively. The sensitivity values for MST were between 46.1% to 63.6% and specificity values were between 64.4% to 67.6%. The inter-rater reliability of MUST was higher (substantial, mean (κ) = 0.78) than for MST (moderate, mean (κ) = 0.52). Conclusions: In conclusion, MUST was found to have similar validity levels but higher reliability result than MST. Based on our result, MUST is recommended for use in identifying adult patients who are at high risk of malnutrition. It can be used as a malnutrition screening tool but there is a need to evaluate the cost effectiveness of its implementation.

Comparison of nutritional risk screening 2002 and malnutrition universal screening tools for preoperative nutritional risk evaluation of patients with gastric cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value of nutritional risk screening 2002(NRS2002)and malnutritional universal screening tools(MUST)in the preoperative nutrition risk evaluation of patients with gastric cancer.Methods The preoperative nutritional risk of 3 14 patients who had been admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2004 to December 2007 was assessed by subjective global assessment(SGA),NRS 2002 and M UST,and the influence of nutritional risk on the incidence of postoperative complications and hospital stay was investigated.All data were analyzed by Wilcoxon test,Kappa test and Logistics regression analysis.Results Compared with SGA,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predicting value and negative predicting value were 86.7%,74.2%,86.9% and 73.8% for NRS2002,and were 73.1%,70.6%,74.8% and 68.7% for MUST.Compared with MUST,NRS2002 had a higher consistency with SGA(K_(NRS2002)=0.601,K_(MUST)=0.436).Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with higher MUST or NRS2002 score had higher incidence of postoperative complications and longer hospital stay.In the aspect of hospital stay,the relative risk of MUST was 2.517,which was lower than 3.426 of NRS2002.The relative risk of MUST was 0.529,which was lower than 0.642 of NRS2002 in the aspect of incidence of postoperative complications.Conclusions NRS2002 and MUST are suitable for preoperative nutritional risk screening of patients with gastric cancer,and the score of NRS2002 or MUST is associated with the incidence of postoperative complications and length of hospital stay.However,NRS2002 is more accurate than MUST in the reflection of nutritional risk of patients with gastric cancer.

The Effects of the Various Screening Times on the Operation of the Neonatal Hearing Universal Screening Program / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To compare the pass rates of two primary hearing screening times and to determine the appropriate screening time.Methods The newborns born in 2004 and 2005 at our hospital were divided into two groups: group A and group B.Group A received hearing screening with distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAE) on the 3rd day after birth,while group B screened in one month after birth.The newborns who failed the initial screening were rescreened one month later.The babies with positive screening findings were referred to full auditory assessments.Results Group A(n=2 305) had pass rate 81.9% at the initial screening and 85.2% at rescreening.Group B(n=1 348) had pass rate 93.9%(?2=103.99,P